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Chapter 01: Obstetrics Web-based references relating to the number under the disk sign
1 Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention. Author: Jewkes R. Journal: Lancet; 2002 Apr 20 ; 359(9315):1423-9. PubMed ID: 11978358. [Link]; page 1
2 EBM 1997 2 150; No Link; page 1
3 Effect of the interval between pregnancies on perinatal outcomes. Zhu BP, N Engl J Med; 1999 Feb 25 ; 340(8):589-94. PubMed ID: 10029642 [Link]; page 3
4 The use of a birthroom: a randomized controlled trial comparing delivery with that in the labour ward. Author: Chapman MG, Jones M, Spring JE, De Swiet M, Chamberlain GV. Journal: Br J Obstet Gynaecol; 1986 Feb ; 93(2):182-7. PubMed ID: 3511958. [Link]; page 4
5 BMJ. 1998 Feb 21;316(7131):566-7. Macfarlane A. At last--maternity statistics for England. [Link]; page 5
6 Naegele's rule: a reappraisal. Author: Baskett TF, Nagele F. Journal: BJOG; 2000 Nov ; 107(11):1433-5. PubMed ID: 11117775. [Link]; page 8
7 The value of sonography in early pregnancy for the detection of fetal abnormalities in an unselected population. Br J Obstet Gynaecol; 1999 Sep ; 106(9):929-36. PubMed ID: 10492104 [Link]; page 11
8 BMJ 1999;318:70-71 Down's syndrome, cardiac anomalies, and nuchal translucency Fetal heart failure might link nuchal translucency and Down's syndrome [Link]; page 11
9 Using fetal nuchal translucency to screen for major congenital cardiac defects at 10-14 weeks of gestation: population based cohort study. BMJ; 1999 Jan 9 ; 318(7176):81-5. PubMed ID: 9880278 [Link]; page 11
10 Berg B 1984 Acta Ob Gyn Scan 63 583 &: OTM &: M de Swiet 1996 Pulse 56 92 &: A Gowenlock Varley's Practical Clinical Biochemistry 535. [Link]; page 15
11 Nasogastric enteral feeding in the management of hyperemesis gravidarum. Hsu JJ, Obstet Gynecol; 1996 Sep ; 88(3):343-6. PubMed ID: 8752236 [Link]; page 18
12 BJOG. 2000 Feb;107(2):245-53. Sadler L. Pregnancy outcomes and cardiac complications in women with mechanical, bioprosthetic and homograft valves. [Link]; page 20
13 BJOG. 2000 Apr;107(4):437-8. Guidotti RJ. Anaemia in pregnancy in developing countries. [Link]; page 22
14 Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: a meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies.Author: International Perinatal HIV Group .Journal: AIDS; 2001 Feb 16 ; 15(3):357-68. PubMed ID: 11273216. [Link]; page 23
15 Effect of breastfeeding and formula feeding on transmission of HIV-1: a randomized clinical trial. Nduati R, JAMA; 2000 Mar 1 ; 283(9):1167-74. PubMed ID: 10703779 [Link]; page 23
16 N Engl J Med. 2000 Oct 19;343(16):1178-9. Greene MF. Oral hypoglycemic drugs for gestational diabetes. [Link]; page 24
17 Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1999 Oct;13(4):452-65. Williams MA. A population-based cohort study of the relation between maternal birthweight and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in four racial/ethnic groups. [Link]; page 24
18 Diabetes. 1985 Jun;34 Suppl 2:106-10. Stowers JM. Long-range implications for the mother. The Aberdeen experience. [Link]; page 24
19 Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Apr;168(4):1139-44; discussion 1144-5. Coustan DR. Gestational diabetes: predictors of subsequent disordered glucose metabolism. [Link]; page 24
20 Ther Umsch. 1990 Jan;47(1):71-9 (German). Berger W. [Clinical significance, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in pregnancy (gestational diabetes)] [Link]; page 24
21 Diabetes Metab. 2001 Dec;27(6):675-80. Dalfra MG. Antepartum and early postpartum predictors of type 2 diabetes development in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. [Link]; page 24
22 Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Apr;186(4):751-6. Schaefer-Graf UM. Clinical predictors for a high risk for the development of diabetes mellitus in the early puerperium in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus. Medline abstract, n=1636 [Link]; page 24
23 Dr Franois Nosten; Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) is a field station attached to the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand and is part of the Wellcome-Oxford-Mahidol-University-Research Programme. www.shoklo-unit.com; No link; page 27
24 Safety, efficacy and determinants of effectiveness of antimalarial drugs during pregnancy: implications for prevention programmes in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic sub-Saharan Africa. Author: Newman RD, Parise ME, Slutsker L, Nahlen B, Steketee RW. Journal: Trop Med Int Health; 2003 Jun ; 8(6):488-506. PubMed ID: 12791054 [Link]; page 27
25 Intermittent Presumptive Treatment for Malaria A better understanding of the pharmacodynamics will guide more rational policymaking--Nicholas J White [Link]; page 27
26 Anticoagulation of pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: a systematic review of the literature.Author: Chan WS, Anand S, Ginsberg JS.Journal: Arch Intern Med; 2000 Jan 24 ; 160(2):191-6. PubMed ID: 10647757 [Link]; page 32
27 BJOG. 2000 Jan;107(1):84-8. Antsaklis AJ. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal primary cytomegalovirus infection. [Link]; page 34
28 Lancet. 2002 Apr 6;359(9313):1178-86. Petra Study Team. Efficacy of three short-course regimens of zidovudine and lamivudine in preventing early and late transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child in Tanzania, South Africa, and Uganda (Petra study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. [Link]; page 35
29 Lancet. 1999 Mar 6;353(9155):766-7. Mofenson LM. Short-course zidovudine for prevention of perinatal infection. [Link]; page 35
30 Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999 Jan;106(1):66-71. Newell ML. Antenatal screening for hepatitis B infection and syphilis in the UK. [Link]; page 36
31 N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 11;340(10):798-9. Ince N. The increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. [Link]; page 36
32 Semin Perinatol. 1993 Dec;17(6):384-93. Simms J. Viral hepatitis in pregnancy. [Link]; page 36
33 Ethiop Med J. 1993 Jul;31(3):173-81. Tsega E. Hepatitis E virus infection in pregnancy in Ethiopia. [Link]; page 36
34 Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Dec;41(13):4074-9. Bowman RJ. Operational comparison of single-dose azithromycin and topical tetracycline for trachoma. [Link]; page 36
35 Appendicitis in pregnancy: new information that contradicts long-held clinical beliefs. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 2000 May ; 182(5):1027-9. PubMed ID: 10819817 [Link]; page 38
36 J Clin Ultrasound. 2001 Jun;29(5):306-11. Humphrey R. Rectus sheath hematoma in pregnancy. [Link]; page 38
37 Am J Perinatol. 1997 Jul;14(6):321-3. Ramirez MM. Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma during pregnancy mimicking abruptio placenta. [Link]; page 38
38 The acute abdomen and the obstetrician. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol; 2000 Feb ; 14(1):89-102. PubMed ID: 10789262 [Link]; page 38
39 Lancet. 2000 Jan 8;355(9198):87-92. von Dadelszen P. Fall in mean arterial pressure and fetal growth restriction in pregnancy hypertension: a meta-analysis. [Link]; page 48
40 Lancet. 2002 Feb 23;359(9307):673-4. Wang JX. Surgically obtained sperm, and risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. [Link]; page 48
41 Link no longer available; page 48
42 BJOG. 2000 Jul;107(7):877-84. Baud O. The relationships between antenatal management, the cause of delivery and neonatal outcome in a large cohort of very preterm singleton infants. [Link]; page 48
43 N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 14;340(2):154. Oei SG. Myocardial infarction during nifedipine therapy for preterm labor [Link]; page 50
44 Lancet. 2000 Jan 8;355(9198):87-92. von Dadelszen P. Fall in mean arterial pressure and fetal growth restriction in pregnancy hypertension: a meta-analysis. [Link]; page 52
45 Lancet. 1999 Apr 10;353(9160):1202-4. Schatz M. Asthma and pregnancy. [Link]; page 52
46 Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999 May;106(5):481-5. Boulvain M. Sweeping of the membranes to prevent post-term pregnancy and to induce labour: a systematic review. Medline abstract, Meta-analysis [Link]; page 54
47 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1999 Mar;78(3):186-90. Chan CC. Antepartum hemorrhage of unknown origin--what is its clinical significance? [Link]; page 56
48 Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1982 Nov;42(11):798-802.The maternal perception of fetal movements during the last trimester of pregnancy Schmidt W [Link]; page 58
49 BJOG. 2000 Jul;107(7):939-40. Acute postpartum myocardial infarction after ergometrine administration in a woman with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Mousa HA [Link]; page 58
50 BJOG. 2000 Feb;107(2):222-7. Ngai SW. Labour characteristics and uterine activity: misoprostol compared with oxytocin in women at term with prelabour rupture of the membranes. [Link]; page 60
51 J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 1999 Dec;8(10):1257-64. Scott KD. The obstetrical and postpartum benefits of continuous support during childbirth. [Link]; page 65
52 N Engl J Med. 1995 Sep 21;333(12):745-50. Frigoletto FD Jr. A clinical trial of active management of labor. [Link]; page 65
53 BJOG. 2000 Oct;107(10):1248-51. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut Subcutaneous versus intracutaneous injections of sterile water for labour analgesia: a comparison of perceived pain during administration.Martensson L, Nyberg K, Wallin G. &: Contemp Rev Obs 12 29 [Link]; page 66
54 2001 Why Mothers Die 1997Ð9 Annexe C, chapter 2 page 74 RCOG [no medline link]; page 66
55 Psychological consequences of having triplets: a 4-year follow-up study. Garel M. Fertil Steril; 1997 Jun ; 67(6):1162-5. PubMed ID: 9176462 [Link]; page 69
56 Psychological reactions after multifetal pregnancy reduction: a 2-year follow-up study. Garel M. Hum Reprod; 1997 Mar ; 12(3):617-22. PubMed ID: 9130770 [Link]; page 69
57 Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998 Aug;105(8):811-5. Johnstone FD. Shoulder dystocia. [Link]; page 72
58 Lancet. 2001 Aug 11;358(9280):470-1. Buhimschi CS. Use of McRoberts' position during delivery and increase in pushing efficiency. [Link]; page 72
59 J Reprod Med. 1999 Oct;44(10):902-4. Heath T. Symphyseal separation, sacroiliac joint dislocation and transient lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy associated with McRoberts' maneuver. A case report. [Link]; page 73
60 BJOG. 2000 Jul;107(7):932-4. Related Articles, Books, LinkOut Outcome of the next labour in women who had a vaginal delivery in their first pregnancy. Mawdsley SD [Link]; page 76
61 Brachial plexus paresis associated with fetal neck compression from forceps. Author: Gei AF, Smith RA, Hankins GD. Journal: Am J Perinatol; 2003 Aug ; 20(6):289-91. PubMed ID: 14528397 [Link]; page 77
62 Associated factors in 1611 cases of brachial plexus injury. Author: Gilbert WM, Nesbitt TS, Danielsen B. Journal: Obstet Gynecol; 1999 Apr ; 93(4):536-40. PubMed ID: 10214829 [Link]; page 77
63 Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy--etiopathogenesis, risk factors, prevention, prognosis Author: Gosk J, Rutowski R. Journal: Ginekol Pol; 2004 Oct ; 75(10):814-20. PubMed ID: 15587915 [Link]; page 77
64 Effect of operative vaginal delivery on the outcome of permanent brachial plexus injury. Author: Poggi SH, Ghidini A, Allen RH, Pezzullo JC, Rosenbaum TC, Spong CY. Journal: J Reprod Med; 2003 Sep ; 48(9):692-6. PubMed ID: 14562633. [Link]; page 77
65 National statistics for 2003 [Link]; page 82
66 Lancet. 1999 Sep 18;354(9183):983-6. Fynes M. Effect of second vaginal delivery on anorectal physiology and faecal continence: a prospective study. [Link]; page 91
67 National statistics [Link]; page 97
Web-based references relating to the disc signs in footnotes, organised by page number
Why Mothers Die 2000-2 CEMACH publications [Link]; page 8
Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis. Alfirevic Z, Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2003 ; 1(3):CD003252. PubMed ID: 12917956 [Link]; page 10
Screening performance of first-trimester nuchal translucency for major cardiac defects: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 2003 Nov ; 189(5):1330-5. PubMed ID: 14634564 [Link]; page 11
Fetal cardiac defects and increased nuchal translucency thickness: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 2004 Oct ; 191(4):1486-90. PubMed ID: 15507988 [Link]; page 11
First-trimester nasal bone evaluation for aneuploidy in the general population. Obstet Gynecol; 2004 Dec ; 104(6):1222-8. PubMed ID: 15572480 [Link]; page 11
The clinical evaluation and pregnancy outcome of euploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency. Maymon R, Herman A. Clin Genet; 2004 Nov ; 66(5):426-36. PubMed ID: 15479188 [Link]; page 11
BMJ. 2001 Jul 21;323(7305):165-6. Ghaem-Maghami S. Using clinical evidence. Obstetricians seem to be overstating the evidence in major placenta praevia. [Link]; page 14
Why Mothers Die 2000-2 CEMACH publications [Link]; page 14
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with a jejunal port for severe hyperemesis gravidarum. Irving PM, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol; 2004 Sep ; 16(9):937-9. PubMed ID: 15316422 [Link]; page 18
Hyperemesis gravidarum: outcomes and complications with and without total parenteral nutrition. Folk JJ, J Reprod Med; 2004 Jul ; 49(7):497-502. PubMed ID: 15305820 [Link]; page 18
Is there a case for hepatitis C infection screening in the antenatal period? J Med Screen; 2003 ; 10(4):161-8. PubMed ID: 14738651 [Link]; page 26
Intermittent Presumptive Treatment for Malaria. White N. nickw@tropmedres.ac [Link]; page 27
Comparison of intermittent preventive treatment with chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy in Mali. Author: Kayentao K, Kodio M, Newman RD, Maiga H, Doumtabe D, Ongoiba A, Coulibaly D, Keita AS, Maiga B, Mungai M, Parise ME, Doumbo O. Journal: J Infect Dis; 2005 Jan 1 ; 191(1):109-16. PubMed ID: 15593011 [Link]; page 27
The use of anti-malarial drugs to prevent malaria in the population of malaria-endemic areas. Author: Greenwood B. Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg; 2004 Jan ; 70(1):1-7. PubMed ID: 14971690 [Link]; page 27
J Neurosurg. 2001 Nov;95(5):778-82. Lajeunie E. Craniosynostosis and fetal exposure to sodium valproate. [Link]; page 29
Am J Med Genet. 2001 Jan 15;98(2):168-75. Kozma C. Valproic acid embryopathy: report of two siblings with further expansion of the phenotypic abnormalities and a review of the literature. [Link]; page 29
The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy. Adab N, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry; 2004 Nov ; 75(11):1575-83. PubMed ID: 15491979 [Link]; page 29
N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb 10;342(6):424-5. Greer IA. The challenge of thrombophilia in maternal-fetal medicine. [Link]; page 33
Selective neonatal BCG vaccination. Bakshi D. Acta Paediatr; 2004 Sep ; 93(9):1207-9. PubMed ID: 15384885 [Link]; page 37
Laparoscopy for appendicitis and cholelithiasis during pregnancy: a new standard of care. Surg Endosc; 2004 Feb ; 18(2):237-41. PubMed ID: 14691706 [Link]; page 38
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour. Neilson JP. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2003 ; 31(2):CD000116. PubMed ID: 12804387 [Link]; page 44
BJOG. 2000 Dec;107(12):1492-7. Simpsom JM. Accuracy and limitations of transabdominal fetal echocardiography at 12-15 weeks of gestation in a population at high risk for congenital heart disease. [Link]; page 47
Milne F BMJ 2005;330:576-580. The pre-eclampsia community guideline (PRECOG): how to screen for and detect onset of pre-eclampsia in the community [Link]; page 48
Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Magpie Trial Collaboration Group . Lancet; 2002 Jun 1 ; 359(9321):1877-90. PubMed ID: 12057549 [Link]; page 48
BMJ. 2002 Feb 23;324(7335):447. Olsen SF. Low consumption of seafood in early pregnancy as a risk factor for preterm delivery: prospective cohort study. [Link]; page 50
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1995 Apr;59(2):149-51. Stratton JF. Hyponatraemia and non-electrolyte solutions in labouring primigravida. [Link]; page 58
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1996 Sep;68(1-2):47-8. Higgins J. Maternal and neonatal hyponatraemia: a comparison of Hartmanns solution with 5% dextrose for the delivery of oxytocin in labour. [Link]; page 58
East Afr Med J. 1991 Feb;68(2):88-92. Omigbodun AO. Effects of using either saline or glucose as a vehicle for infusion in labour. [Link]; page 58
Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1984 Oct;91(10):1014-8. Singhi S. Intrapartum infusion of aqueous glucose solution, transplacental hyponatraemia and risk of neonatal jaundice. [Link]; page 58
BJOG. 2001 Jan;108(1):23-6. Kwon JS. A comparison of oral and vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour at term: a randomised trial. [Link]; page 62
[Link]; page 66
BJOG. 2002 Feb;109(2):182-6. Carroll SG. Prediction of chorionicity in twin pregnancies at 10-14 weeks of gestation. [Link]; page 68
Dramatic reduction in triplet and higher order births in England and Wales. BJOG; 2004 Aug ; 111(8):856-8. PubMed ID: 15270936 [Link]; page 69
External cephalic version: a safe procedure? A systematic review of version-related risks. Collaris RJ. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand; 2004 Jun ; 83(6):511-8. PubMed ID: 15144330 [Link]; page 70
Lancet. 2000 Oct 21;356(9239):1375-83. Hannah ME. Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group. [Link]; page 70
NICE 2004 Caesarean Section [Link]; page 79
The B-Lynch technique for postpartum haemorrhage: an option for every gynaecologist. Holtsema H, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol; 2004 Jul 15 ; 115(1):39-42. PubMed ID: 15223163 [Link]; page 84
Why Mothers Die 2000-2 CEMACH publications [Link]; page 85
Why Mothers Die 2000-2 CEMACH publications [Link]; page 89
[Link]; page 92
BMJ. 2000 Jan 8;320(7227):86-90. Signorello LB. Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence: retrospective cohort study. [Link]; page 92
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