Web-based references relating to the number under the disk sign
1 Image created by Dr Tom Turmezei. ; no link available; page 790
2 Dimploma of immediate medical care. BMJ Career Focus 2004; 329: 244.
[Link]; page 790
3 The WHO publication on Injury Surveillance
[Link]; page 791
4 Ensuring the safety of school age passengers. Booster seats are necessary for optimal protection
[Link]; page 791
5 ROSPA statistics
[Link]; page 791
6 J Epidemiol Community Health. 1989 Sep;43(3):218-22. McCarthy M. The benefit of seat belt legislation in the United Kingdom.
[Link]; page 791
7 Air bags and ocular injuries. Author: Stein JD, Jaeger EA, Jeffers JB. Journal: Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc; 1999 ; 97():59-82; discussion 82-6. PubMed ID: 10703118.
[Link]; page 791
8 Social differences in traffic injury risks in childhood and youth--a literature review and a research agenda. Author: Laflamme L, Diderichsen F. Journal: Inj Prev; 2000 Dec ; 6(4):293-8. PubMed ID: 11144632.
[Link]; page 791
9 Marijuana use and car crash injury. Author: Blows S, Ivers RQ, Connor J, Ameratunga S, Woodward M, Norton R. Journal: Addiction; 2005 May ; 100(5):605-11. PubMed ID: 15847617.
[Link]; page 791
10 Lancet. 1998 Oct 24;352(9137):1331-6. Barbone F. Association of road-traffic accidents with benzodiazepine use.
[Link]; page 791
11 Safety education of pedestrians for injury prevention: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Author: Duperrex O, Bunn F, Roberts I. Journal: BMJ; 2002 May 11 ; 324(7346):1129. PubMed ID: 12003885.
[Link]; page 791
12 Effectiveness of speed cameras in preventing road traffic collisions and related casualties: systematic review. Author: Pilkington P, Kinra S. Journal: BMJ; 2005 Feb 12 ; 330(7487):331-4. PubMed ID: 15653699.
[Link]; page 791
13 The effects of mobile speed camera introduction on road traffic crashes and casualties in a rural county of England. Author: Jones AP, Sauerzapf V, Haynes R. Journal: J Safety Res; 2008 ; 39(1):101-10. PubMed ID: 18325421.
[Link]; page 791
14 London Times May 10th 2005 page 6; Speeding drivers sent to school (speed-awareness course) and: UK Minister of Transport (A Darling)
[Link]; page 791
15 Injury: A leading cause of global burden of disease, 2000. Published by the World Health Organisation.
[Link]; page 792
16 Ensuring the safety of school age passengers. Booster seats are necessary for optimal protection
[Link]; page 792
17 The British Safety Council
[Link]; page 792
18 The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
[Link]; page 792
19 The Construction Health and Safety Group
[Link]; page 792
20 The Scottish Chamber of Safety
[Link]; page 792
21 Injury Prevention online:
[Link]; page 792
22 See the website for the Resuscitation Council (UK).
[Link]; page 794
23 Acute aortic thrombosis following incorrect application of the Heimlich maneuver. Author: Mack L, Forbes TL, Harris KA. Journal: Ann Vasc Surg; 2002 Jan ; 16(1):130-3. PubMed ID: 11904818.
[Link]; page 795
24 See www.ukresilience.info
[Link]; page 796
25 [Drug tests on 198 drivers involved in an accident]
[Link]; page 796
26 The public health significance of cannabis use in Australia. Author: Hall W. Journal: Aust J Public Health; 1995 Jun ; 19(3):235-42. PubMed ID: 7626673.
[Link]; page 796
27 Effects of inspired gas content during respiratory arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Author: Idris AH. Journal: Crit Care Med; 2000 Nov ; 28(11 Suppl):N196-8. PubMed ID: 11098945.
[Link]; page 798
28 Battlefield First Aid: a simple, systematic approach for every soldier. Author: Hodgetts TJ, Hanlan CG, Newey CG. Journal: J R Army Med Corps; 1999 Jun ; 145(2):55-9. PubMed ID: 10420339.
[Link]; page 798
29 Image of recovery position drawn by OUP for OHCS4 ; no link available; page 799
30 Early care or quick transport? The effectiveness of preclinical treatment of emergency patients Author: Rossi R. Journal: Anaesthesist; 1997 Feb ; 46(2):126-32. PubMed ID: 9133174.
[Link]; page 799
31 N Engl J Med. 1995 Mar 9;332(10):681; author reply 682-3. Siegel JH. Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation in patients with trauma.
[Link]; page 799
32 Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries. Author: Bickell WH, Wall MJ, Pepe PE, Martin RR, Ginger VF, Allen MK, Mattox KL. Journal: N Engl J Med; 1994 Oct 27 ; 331(17):1105-9. PubMed ID: 7935634.
[Link]; page 799
33 NFPA 704 numbers for chemicals:
[Link]; page 801
34 Acad Emerg Med. 1997 Jan;4(1):22-6. Pierce MC. Evaluation of ketorolac in children with forearm fractures.
[Link]; page 802
35 Intravenous ketamine for adult procedural sedation in the emergency department: a prospective cohort study. Author: Newton A, Fitton L. Journal: Emerg Med J; 2008 Aug ; 25(8):498-501. PubMed ID: 18660398.
[Link]; page 802
36 Midazolam attenuates ketamine-induced abnormal perception and thought process but not mood changes. Author: Suzuki M, Tsueda K, Lansing PS, Tolan MM, Fuhrman TM, Sheppard RA, Hurst HE, Lippmann SB. Journal: Can J Anaesth; 2000 Sep ; 47(9):866-74. PubMed ID: 10989856.
[Link]; page 802
37 Emergency medical service response to major incidents. A study of 21 cases Author: Mentges D, Kirschenlohr R, Adamek H, Boldt J, Riemann JF. Journal: Anaesthesist; 1997 Feb ; 46(2):114-20. PubMed ID: 9133172.
[Link]; page 806
38 Emergency medical service response to major incidents. A study of 21 cases Author: Mentges D, Kirschenlohr R, Adamek H, Boldt J, Riemann JF. Journal: Anaesthesist; 1997 Feb ; 46(2):114-20. PubMed ID: 9133172.
[Link]; page 806
39 Scene disposition and mode of transport following rural trauma: a prospective cohort study comparing patient costs. Author: Cummings G, O'Keefe G. Journal: J Emerg Med; 2000 Apr ; 18(3):349-54. PubMed ID: 10729675.
[Link]; page 808
40 Helicopter scene transport of trauma patients with nonlife-threatening injuries: a meta-analysis. Author: Bledsoe BE, Wesley AK, Eckstein M, Dunn TM, O'Keefe MF. Journal: J Trauma; 2006 Jun ; 60(6):1257-65; discussion 1265-6. PubMed ID: 16766969.
[Link]; page 808
41 Lancet. 1996 May 18;347(9012):1348-9. Naylor CD. Air ambulances: missions of mercy or flights of futility?
[Link]; page 808
42 Effects of London helicopter emergency medical service on survival after trauma. Author: Nicholl JP, Brazier JE, Snooks HA. Journal: BMJ; 1995 Jul 22 ; 311(6999):217-22. PubMed ID: 7627033.
[Link]; page 808
43 Pressure-controlled ventilation for the long-range aeromedical transport of patients with burns. Author: Barillo DJ, Dickerson EE, Cioffi WG, Mozingo DW, Pruitt BA. Journal: J Burn Care Rehabil; 1997 May-Jun ; 18(3):200-5. PubMed ID: 9169941.
[Link]; page 808
44 Hemodynamic effects of medical antishock trousers during mechanical ventilation. Author: Fellahi JL, Valtier B, Beauchet A, Bourdarias JP, Jardin F. Journal: Can J Anaesth; 1999 May ; 46(5 Pt 1):423-8. PubMed ID: 10349920.
[Link]; page 809
45 Is MAST in the past? The pros and cons of MAST usage in the field. Author: Frank LR. Journal: JEMS; 2000 Feb ; 25(2):38-41, 44-5. PubMed ID: 10787852.
[Link]; page 809
46 For the different trauma scoring systems used see:
[Link]; page 810
47 The value of trauma scores: predicting discharge after traumatic brain injury. Author: Wagner AK, Hammond FM, Grigsby JH, Norton HJ. Journal: Am J Phys Med Rehabil; 2000 May-Jun ; 79(3):235-42. PubMed ID: 10821308.
[Link]; page 810
48 Quality assessment of multiple trauma management bu ISS, TRISS or ASCOT? Author: Osterwalder JJ, Riederer M. Journal: Schweiz Med Wochenschr; 2000 Apr 8 ; 130(14):499-504. PubMed ID: 10804601.
[Link]; page 810
49 Outcome of major trauma in a Turkish university hospital: did integrated approach make a difference?
[Link]; page 810
50 A revision of the Trauma Score. Author: Champion HR, Sacco WJ, Copes WS, Gann DS, Gennarelli TA, Flanagan ME. Journal: J Trauma; 1989 May ; 29(5):623-9. PubMed ID: 2657085.
[Link]; page 811
51 Recovery from blast lung injury: one-year follow-up. Author: Hirshberg B, Oppenheim-Eden A, Pizov R, Sklair-Levi M, Rivkin A, Bardach E, Bublil M, Sprung C, Kramer MR. Journal: Chest; 1999 Dec ; 116(6):1683-8. PubMed ID: 10593795.
[Link]; page 812
52 Primary blast injury: pathophysiology and implications for treatment. Part III: Injury to the central nervous system and the limbs. Author: Guy RJ, Glover MA, Cripps NP. Journal: J R Nav Med Serv; 2000 ; 86(1):27-31. PubMed ID: 10892035.
[Link]; page 812
53 Posttraumatic stress among young children after the death of a friend or acquaintance in a terrorist bombing. Author: Pfefferbaum B, Gurwitch RH, McDonald NB, Leftwich MJ, Sconzo GM, Messenbaugh AK, Schultz RA. Journal: Psychiatr Serv; 2000 Mar ; 51(3):386-8. PubMed ID: 10686250.
[Link]; page 812
54 Pregnancy and scuba diving: what precautions? Author: Morales M, Dumps P, Extermann P. Journal: J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris); 1999 May ; 28(2):118-23. PubMed ID: 10416137.
[Link]; page 813
55 WHO (1996) World Health Statistics Annual 1995. Geneva: World Health Organisation. ; no link available; page 814
56 The physiologic basis of high-altitude diseases. West JB, American College of Physicians , American Physiological Society . Ann Intern Med; 2004 Nov 16 ; 141(10):789-800. PubMed ID: 15545679
[Link]; page 814
57 Martin Burtscher, Markus Flatz, Martin Faulhaber. High Altitude Medicine & Biology. September 1, 2004, 5(3): 335-340. doi:10.1089/ham.2004.5.335
[Link]; page 814
58 Both images courtesy of Dr Gerard Flaherty. ; no link available; page 815
Web-based references relating to the disc signs in footnotes, organised by page number
The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
[Link]; page 792
J R Army Med Corps. 1999 Jun;145(2):55-9.J R Army Med Corps. 2000 Feb;146(1):53. Battlefield First Aid: a simple, systematic approach for every soldier. Hodgetts TJ
[Link]; page 794
Rapid sequence intubation in the field versus hospital in trauma patients. Author: Sloane C, Vilke GM, Chan TC, Hayden SR, Hoyt DB, Rosen P. Journal: J Emerg Med; 2000 Oct ; 19(3):259-64. PubMed ID: 11033272.
[Link]; page 798
Pediatric endotracheal tube selection: a comparison of age-based and height-based criteria. Author: Davis D, Barbee L, Ririe D. Journal: AANA J; 1998 Jun ; 66(3):299-303. PubMed ID: 9830856.
[Link]; page 806
Development of a novel age-specific pediatric trauma score.
[Link]; page 810
Improving Risk Adjustment in Critically Ill Trauma Patients: The TRISS-SAPS Score. Author: Reiter A, Mauritz W, Jordan B, Lang T, Pölzl A, Pelinka L, Metnitz PG. Journal: J Trauma; 2004 Aug ; 57(2):375 PubMed ID: 15345988
[Link]; page 810
Cohort study of multiple brain lesions in sport divers: role of a patent foramen ovale. Author: Knauth M, Ries S, Pohimann S, Kerby T, Forsting M, Daffertshofer M, Hennerici M, Sartor K. Journal: BMJ; 1997 Mar 8 ; 314(7082):701-5. PubMed ID: 9116544.
[Link]; page 813
