Chapter 02: Paediatrics 1-200

Web-based references relating to the number under the disk sign

1 Image of Loveless Spiral provided by OUP for OHCS-8 ; no link available; page 99

2 Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected pediatric patients improves with home-based intensive nursing intervention. Author: Berrien VM, Salazar JC, Reynolds E, McKay K, HIV Medication Adherence Intervention Group . Journal: AIDS Patient Care STDS; 2004 Jun ; 18(6):355-63. PubMed ID: 15294086 [Link]; page 99

3 Parenting Stress in Parents of Children With Epilepsy and Asthma. Journal: J Child Neurol; 2008 Jan 8 ; ():. PubMed ID: 18182646. [Link]; page 99

4 MABL & JBL [aged 14 & 15]: personal communication; no link available; page 99

5 Should adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia be treated as old children or young adults? Comparison of the French FRALLE-93 and LALA-94 trials. Author: Boissel N, Journal: J Clin Oncol; 2003 Mar 1 ; 21(5):774-80. PubMed ID: 12610173 [Link]; page 99

6 G Rylance 1999 BMJ i 301. Privacy, dignity, and confidentiality: interview study with structured questionnaire [Link]; page 100

7 Shakespeare's sister. Versions of this speech were delivered by Woolf at Girton and Newnham colleges, University of Cambridge, on October 20 & 26 1928. Virginia Woolf. Wednesday May 2, 2007. Guardian. [Link]; page 101

8 NICE provisional guidance Nov 2006. Feverish illness: assessment and initial management in children younger than 5 years of age [Link]; page 103

9 Critique of NICE traffic-light system: not evidence based; too much ephasis on vital signs (which vary greatly). it may be better to look at alertness, activity, colour and respiratory effort. Anthony Harndon 2007 BMJ. [Link]; page 103

10 A simple hospital triaging system for infants with acute illness. Author: Hewson PH, Gollan RA. Journal: J Paediatr Child Health; 1995 Feb ; 31(1):29-32. PubMed ID: 7748685. [Link]; page 103

11 Symptoms and signs in infants younger than 6 months of age correlated with the severity of their illness. Author: Morley CJ, Thornton AJ, Cole TJ, Fowler MA, Hewson PH. Journal: Pediatrics; 1991 Dec ; 88(6):1119-24. PubMed ID: 1956728. [Link]; page 103

12 Bilious vomiting in the newborn: How often is it pathologic? Author: Godbole P, Stringer MD. Journal: J Pediatr Surg; 2002 Jun ; 37(6):909-11. PubMed ID: 12037761. [Link]; page 103

13 Bilious emesis in the pediatric emergency department: etiology and outcome. Author: Sadow KB, Atabaki SM, Johns CM, Chamberlain JM, Teach SJ. Journal: Clin Pediatr (Phila); 2002 Sep ; 41(7):475-9. PubMed ID: 12365309. [Link]; page 103

14 Malrotation and volvulus in infancy and childhood. Author: Millar AJ, Rode H, Cywes S. Journal: Semin Pediatr Surg; 2003 Nov ; 12(4):229-36. PubMed ID: 14655161. [Link]; page 103

15 Hiscock H. Journal: Aust Fam Physician; 2006 Sep ; 35(9):680-4. PubMed ID: 16969435. [Link]; page 104

16 The signal functions of early infant crying. Author: Soltis J. Journal: Behav Brain Sci; 2004 Aug ; 27(4):443-58; discussion 459-90. PubMed ID: 15773426. [Link]; page 104

17 Infant crying and abuse. Author: Reijneveld SA, van der Wal MF, Brugman E, Sing RA, Verloove-Vanhorick SP. Journal: Lancet; 2004 Oct 9-15 ; 364(9442):1340-2. PubMed ID: 15474137 [Link]; page 104

18 CRI-SIS support for crying infants. [Link]; page 104

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21 Problem crying in infancy. Author: Hiscock H, Jordan B. Journal: Med J Aust; 2004 Nov 1 ; 181(9):507-12. PubMed ID: 15516199. [Link]; page 104

22 Improvement of symptoms in infant colic following reduction of lactose load with lactase. Author: Kanabar D, Randhawa M, Clayton P. Journal: J Hum Nutr Diet; 2001 Oct ; 14(5):359-63. PubMed ID: 11906576. [Link]; page 104

23 Archives of Disease in Childhood 2004;89:908-912. Infant colic and feeding difficulties--C Miller-Loncar [Link]; page 104

24 Child Dev. 2000 Jul-Aug;71(4):862-77. White BP. Behavioral and physiological responsivity, sleep, and patterns of daily cortisol production in infants with and without colic. [Link]; page 104

25 A Systematic Review of Treatments for Infant Colic. Michelle M.PEDIATRICS Vol. 106 No. 1 Supplement July 2000, pp. 184-190 [Link]; page 104

26 Infant Colic. BMJ 1998 Responses to a BMJ paper. [Link]; page 104

27 Some new and important clues to the causes of colic. Author: Buckley M. Journal: Br J Community Nurs; 2000 Sep ; 5(9):462, 464-5. PubMed ID: 12192339. [Link]; page 104

28 Improvement of symptoms in infant colic following reduction of lactose load with lactase. Author: Kanabar D, Randhawa M, Clayton P. Journal: J Hum Nutr Diet; 2001 Oct ; 14(5):359-63. PubMed ID: 11906576. [Link]; page 104

29 Oral hypertonic glucose solution in the treatment of infantile colic. Author: Akçam M, Yilmaz A. Journal: Pediatr Int; 2006 Apr ; 48(2):125-7. PubMed ID: 16635169. [Link]; page 104

30 The effect of fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Author: Alexandrovich I, Rakovitskaya O, Kolmo E, Sidorova T, Shushunov S. Journal: Altern Ther Health Med; 2003 Jul-Aug ; [Link]; page 104

31 Effect of a low-allergen maternal diet on colic among breastfed infants: a randomized, controlled trial. Author: Hill DJ, Roy N, Heine RG, Hosking CS, Francis DE, Brown J, Speirs B, Sadowsky J, Carlin JB. Journal: Pediatrics; 2005 Nov ; 116(5):e709-15. [Link]; page 104

32 Reducing parenting stress in families with irritable infants. Author: Keefe MR, Kajrlsen KA, Lobo ML, Kotzer AM, Dudley WN. Journal: Nurs Res; 2006 May-Jun ; 55(3):198-205. PubMed ID: 16708044. [Link]; page 104

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34 Diaper dermatitis: current concepts. Author: Weston WL, Lane AT, Weston JA. Journal: Pediatrics; 1980 Oct ; 66(4):532-6. PubMed ID: 7432838. [Link]; page 104

35 Int J Dermatol. 1999 Aug;38(8):618-22. de Wet PM. Perianal candidosis--a comparative study with mupirocin and nystatin. Medline abstract, N=20 [Link]; page 104

36 Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1981;95:40-2. Thomsen K. Seborrhoeic dermatitis and napkin dermatitis. [Link]; page 104

37 Jean Dunning &: Des Moines Register on Monday, October 9; R Forgrave. [Link]; page 105

38 Associations between housing instability and food insecurity with health care access in low-income children. Author: Ma CT, Gee L, Kushel MB. Journal: Ambul Pediatr; 2008 Jan-Feb ; 8(1):50-7. PubMed ID: 18191782. [Link]; page 105

39 J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996 Oct;64(5):1029-36. Walker JG. Emotionally focused marital intervention for couples with chronically ill children. [Link]; page 105

40 J Pediatr Psychol. 1992 Jun;17(3):345-57. Walker JG. Measuring marital distress in couples with chronically ill children: the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. [Link]; page 105

41 Child Care Health Dev. 1997 Nov;23(6):479-80. Logan S. Emotionally focused therapy improves marital adjustment in parents of children with chronically ill children. [Link]; page 105

42 Infrared ear thermometry compared with rectal thermometry in children: a systematic review. Author: Craig JV, Lancaster GA, Taylor S, Williamson PR, Smyth RL. Journal: Lancet; 2002 Aug 24 ; 360(9333):603-9. PubMed ID: 12241932 [Link]; page 106

43 [Infrared tympanic thermometry compared to mercury thermometers] Author: Valle PC, Kildahl-Andersen O, Steinvoll K. Journal: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen; 2000 Jan 10 ; 120(1):15-7. PubMed ID: 10815472. [Link]; page 106

44 Axillary and Rectal Temperature Measurements Poorly Agree in Newborn Infants. Journal: Neonatology; 2008 Jan 4 ; 94(1):31-34. PubMed ID: 18176084. [Link]; page 106

45 Arch Dis Child. 1990 Jul;65(7):750-6. Hewson PH. Markers of serious illness in infants under 6 months old presenting to a children's hospital. [Link]; page 106

46 Pediatrics. 1992 Dec;90(6):846-50. Kluger MJ. Fever revisited. [Link]; page 106

47 J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990 Sep;72(5):846-51. Knudsen CJ. Neonatal osteomyelitis. [Link]; page 106

48 Sante. 1999 Jan-Feb;9(1):38-45 (French). Hoarau C. [Congenital syphilis: update and perspectives] [Link]; page 106

49 Ann Trop Paediatr. 1993;13(4):395-7. Kini PG. Unusual presentation of cytomegaloviral infection in a 5-month-old baby: case report. [Link]; page 106

50 J Appl Physiol. 2001 Jan;90(1):90-8. Hasday JD. Exposure to febrile temperature modifies endothelial cell response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. [Link]; page 106

51 J Appl Physiol. 2001 Jan;90(1):90-8. Hasday JD. Exposure to febrile temperature modifies endothelial cell response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. [Link]; page 106

52 Adenoviral infections in children: the impact of rapid diagnosis. Rocholl C, Gerber K, Daly J, Pavia AT, Byington CL. Pediatrics [NLM - MEDLINE]. Jan 2004.Vol.113, Iss. 1; Part 1. pg. e51 [Link]; page 106

53 [Neonatal Resuscitation] Author: Burón Martínez E, Aguayo Maldonado J, Grupo de RCP Neonatal de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología . Journal: An Pediatr (Barc); 2006 Nov ; 65(5):470-7. PubMed ID: 17195347. [Link]; page 107

54 kin-to-skin contact may reduce negative consequences of; no link available; page 107

55 Biol Neonate. 2004 Sep 20;87(1):27-34 Resuscitation of Depressed Newborn Infants with Ambient Air or Pure Oxygen: A Meta-Analysis--Saugstad OD [Link]; page 107

56 NEJM 2001 [Link]; page 107

57 Neonatal resuscitation. Kapoor Sarin H1, Kapoor D2 [Link]; page 107

58 Addressing the 'New' NEC: Part I: rediscovering the basics. Author: Simmonds A, LaGamma EF. Journal: Indian J Pediatr; 2006 Nov ; 73(11):1011-8. PubMed ID: 17127784. [Link]; page 108

59 Neonatal shaken baby syndrome--lessons to be learned / Author's reply D B Knight, R sunderland, A N Williams. Archives of Disease in Childhood. London: Mar 2003.Vol.88, Iss. 2; pg. F161, 2 pgs [Link]; page 108

60 Infant to staff ratios and risk of mortality in very low birthweight infants L A Callaghan, D W Cartwright, P O'Rourke, M W Davies. Archives of Disease in Childhood. London: Mar 2003.Vol.88, Iss. 2; pg. F94, 4 pgs [Link]; page 108

61 Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jun;20(6):644-52. Erenberg A. Caffeine citrate for the treatment of apnea of prematurity: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medline abstract, N=85 [Link]; page 108

62 Drug Saf. 2000 Nov;23(5):363-79. Hascoet JM. Risks and benefits of therapies for apnoea in premature infants. [Link]; page 108

63 Lancet. 1999 Jan 16;353(9148):166-7. Fleck BW. Therapy for retinopathy of prematurity. [Link]; page 108

64 Rev Neurol. 2000 Aug 1-15;31(3):238-43 (Spanish). Antoniuk S. [Periventricular and intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infants] [Link]; page 108

65 Delayed cord clamping in very preterm infants reduces the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage and late-onset sepsis: a randomized, controlled trial. Author: Mercer JS, Vohr BR, McGrath MM, Padbury JF, Wallach M, Oh W. Journal: Pediatrics; 2006 Apr ; 117(4):1235-42. PubMed ID: 16585320. [Link]; page 108

66 Pulmonary Revies [2000] accessed 2004 Nitric oxide helps neonates with pulmonary hypertension [Link]; page 109

67 Inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension/ hypoxic respiratory failure in neonates: an update. Author: Cook LN, Stewart DL. Journal: J Ky Med Assoc; 2005 Apr ; 103(4):138-47. PubMed ID: 15853181 [Link]; page 109

68 JEJM 2006 355 345 Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation. Roberta A. [Link]; page 109

69 Kinsella J. NEJM 2006 355 354. Early Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy in Premature Newborns with Respiratory Failure. John P. Kinsella [Link]; page 109

70 Inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension/ hypoxic respiratory failure in neonates: an update. Author: Cook LN, Stewart DL. Journal: J Ky Med Assoc; 2005 Apr ; 103(4):138-47. PubMed ID: 15853181 [Link]; page 109

71 Acute and chronic effects of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Journal: Respir Med; 2005 May 9 ; ():. PubMed ID: 15890512 [Link]; page 109

72 Meta-analysis of inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants: an update. Author: Hoehn T, Krause MF, Bührer C. Journal: Klin Padiatr; 2006 Mar-Apr ; 218(2):57-61. PubMed ID: 16506103. [Link]; page 109

73 Inhaled prostacyclin for term infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension refractory to inhaled nitric oxide. Author: Kelly LK, Porta NF, Goodman DM, Carroll CL, Steinhorn RH. Journal: J Pediatr; 2002 Dec ; 141(6):830-2. PubMed ID: 12461501 [Link]; page 109

74 Management of Pulmornay Hypertension [Link]; page 109

75 Baquero H, Soliz A, Neira F, Venegas ME, Sola A. Journal: Pediatrics; 2006 Apr ; 117(4):1077-83. PubMed ID: 16585301. [Link]; page 109

76 Lancet. 1996 Jul 13;348(9020):75-82. UK collaborative randomised trial of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. UK Collaborative ECMO Trail Group. Medline abstract, N=185 [Link]; page 109

77 BMJ. 1998 Oct 3;317(7163):911-5; discussion 915-6. Roberts TE. Economic evaluation and randomised controlled trial of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: UK collaborative trial. The Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Economics Working Group. [Link]; page 109

78 Intensive Care Med. 2000 Oct;26(10):1489-95. Kossel H. Do we need new indications for ECMO in neonates pretreated with high-frequency ventilation and/or inhaled nitric oxide? [Link]; page 109

79 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000948. Spence K. Nasal versus oral intubation for mechanical ventilation of newborn infants. [Link]; page 110

80 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000456. Greenough A. Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants. [Link]; page 110

81 Lancet. 2000 Jul 8;356(9224):90-1. Soll R. Patient-triggered ventilation of the newborn. [Link]; page 110

82 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000456. Greenough A. Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants. [Link]; page 110

83 Is elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation better than conventional mechanical ventilation in very low birth weight infants?--Report by Sachin Shah. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2003;88:833-834 [Link]; page 110

84 Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure or continuous positive airway pressure for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in children. Author: Shah PS, Ohlsson A, Shah JP. Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2005 ; (3):CD003699. PubMed ID: 16034907. [Link]; page 110

85 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(4):CD002773. Cools F. Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation. [Link]; page 110

86 Royal College of Paediatrics Acute pain guidelines [Link]; page 110

87 How Well Do Clinical Pain Assessment Tools Reflect Pain in Infants? Rebeccah Slater. PLOS medicine 2008 [Link]; page 110

88 John Tyson 2008 NEJM 358 1672. Intensive care for extreme prematurity--moving beyond gestational age. [Link]; page 111

89 Efficacy and safety of cefepime in late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in infants: a pilot randomized and controlled study. Author: Shahid SK. Journal: Ann Trop Med Parasitol; 2008 Jan ; 102(1):63-71. PubMed ID: 18186979. [Link]; page 111

90 Cochrane meta-analysis. 2007 Issue 4. Nasal versus oral intubation for mechanical ventilation of newborn infants. Spence K . [Link]; page 111

91 Airway complications in neonates who received mechanical ventilation.Kolatat T, Aunganon K, Yosthiem P. [Link]; page 111

92 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000506. Davies MW. Nebulized racemic epinephrine for extubation of newborn infants. [Link]; page 111

93 Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm neonates after extubation. Author: Davis PG, Lemyre B, de Paoli AG. Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2001 ; (3):CD003212. Pub; no link available; page 111

94 Neurol Clin. 2001 May;19(2):427-63. Mizrah EM. Neonatal seizures and neonatal epileptic syndromes. [Link]; page 112

95 Indian Pediatrics 2003; 40:633-638 Pyridoxine-dependent Seizures: A Review. R. Rajesh [Link]; page 112

96 Pyridoxine dependence: the importance of the clinical diagnosis and early treatment Author: Caraballo R, Garro F, Cersósimo R, Buompadre C, Gañez LA, Fejerman N. Journal: Rev Neurol; 2004 Jan 1-15 ; 38(1):49-52. PubMed ID: 14730491. [Link]; page 112

97 UCSF manual [Link]; page 112

98 Department of Neonatal Medicine Protocol Book Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Circulatory Support [Link]; page 112

99 Chest. 2003 Apr;123(4):1266-75. Related Articles, Links. Bad medicine: low-dose dopamine in the ICU. Holmes CL [Link]; page 112

100 Clinical signs that predict severe illness in children under age 2 months: a multicentre study. Author: Young Infants Clinical Signs Study Group . Journal: Lancet; 2008 Jan 12 ; 371(9607):135-42. PubMed ID: 18191685. [Link]; page 113

101 Lancet. 1998 Oct 17;352(9136):1271-7. Kuster H. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis 2 days before clinical manifestation. [Link]; page 113

102 Choice of antibiotics in late neonatal sepsis in the extremely low birth weight infant. Author: Allen TR, da Silva OP. Journal: Can J Infect Dis; 2003 Jan ; 14(1):28-31. PubMed ID: 18159422. [Link]; page 113

103 Ceylon Med J. 1999 Jun;44(2):81-6. Karunasekera KA. A preliminary study on neonatal septicaemia in a tertiary referral hospital paediatric unit. [Link]; page 113

104 APMIS. 1999 Feb;107(2):257-62. Ronnestad A. Antibiotic susceptibility of blood culture isolates after nearly two decades with netilmicin and ampicillin in neonatal septicaemia. [Link]; page 113

105 Turk J Pediatr. 1998 Jan-Mar;40(1):17-33. Yurdakok M. Antibiotic use in neonatal sepsis. [Link]; page 113

106 Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Jun;67(6):600-9. Treluyer JM. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of netilmicin in neonates and infants with use of a nonparametric method. [Link]; page 113

107 Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2001 May;3(3):237-248. Painter MJ. Neonatal Seizures. [Link]; page 113

108 Infrared ear thermometry compared with rectal thermometry in children: a systematic review. Author: Craig JV, Lancaster GA, Taylor S, Williamson PR, Smyth RL. Journal: Lancet; 2002 Aug 24 ; 360(9333):603-9. PubMed ID: 12241932 [Link]; page 114

109 [Infrared tympanic thermometry compared to mercury thermometers] Author: Valle PC, Kildahl-Andersen O, Steinvoll K. Journal: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen; 2000 Jan 10 ; 120(1):15-7. PubMed ID: 10815472. [Link]; page 114

110 Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Apr;124(4):359-67. Kezirian EJ. Cost and cost-effectiveness of universal screening for hearing loss in newborns. [Link]; page 114

111 Biol Neonate. 2001;79(3-4):219-23. Bertini G. Prevention of bilirubin encephalopathy. [Link]; page 115

112 Pediatrics. 2001 May;107(5):1075-80. Harris MC. Developmental follow-up of breastfed term and near-term infants with marked hyperbilirubinemia. Medline abstract, N=116 [Link]; page 115

113 Indian J Pediatr. 1996 May-Jun;63(3):381-4. Lucas GN. Neonatal jaundice due to ABO incompatibility in Sri Lankan. [Link]; page 115

114 Presse Med. 2001 Mar 24;30(11):524-6 (French). Badens C. [Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase et neonatal jaundice] [Link]; page 115

115 Eur J Pediatr. 1997 Oct;156(10):803-7. Wolf MJ. Extreme hyperbilirubinaemia in Zimbabwean neonates: neurodevelopmental outcome at 4 months. [Link]; page 115

116 Acta Paediatr. 2001 Jul;90(7):782-5. Hanko E. Spectrum of outcome in infants with extreme neonatal jaundice. [Link]; page 115

117 Acta Paediatr. 1997 Aug;86(8):843-6. Hansen TW. Acute management of extreme neonatal jaundice--the potential benefits of intensified phototherapy and interruption of enterohepatic bilirubin circulation. [Link]; page 115

118 Acta Paediatr. 1996 Mar;85(3):277-9. Tan KL. Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice. [Link]; page 115

119 Arch Dis Child. 1989 Aug;64(8):1161-4. De Curtis M. Diarrhoea in jaundiced neonates treated with phototherapy: role of intestinal secretion. [Link]; page 115

120 Harefuah. 1996 Feb 1;130(3):170-3; 223 (Hebrew). Weisz B. [Complications of exchange transfusion in term and preterm newborns] [Link]; page 115

121 Decreasing oxygen saturation in very early preterm newborn infants after transfusion--V De Halleux, C Gagnon, H Bard. Archives of Disease in Childhood. London: Mar 2003.Vol.88, Iss. 2; pg. F163, 1 pgs [Link]; page 115

122 Indian Pediatr. 1995 Sep;32(9):971-7. Merchant RH. Fetal outcome following intrauterine intravascular transfusion in rhesus alloimmunization. Medline abstract, n=14 [Link]; page 116

123 N Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 6;342(1):9-14. Mari G. Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization. Collaborative Group for Doppler Assessment of the Blood Velocity in Anemic Fetuses. [Link]; page 116

124 Pediatr Res. 1997 May;41(5):716-21. Hayde M. Rhesus isoimmunization: increased hemolysis during early infancy. [Link]; page 116

125 he economics of routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis for pregnant women who are rhesus negative. Author: Chilcott J, Tappenden P, Lloyd Jones M, Wight J, Forman K, Wray J, Beverley C. Journal: BJOG; 2004 Sep ; 111(9):903-7. PubMed ID: 15327602. [Link]; page 116

126 Eur J Pediatr. 1999 Sep;158(9):689-93. Greenough A. Rhesus disease: postnatal management and outcome. [Link]; page 116

127 BJOG. 2000 Feb;107(2):282-4. Haverkamp F. Good prognosis for psychomotor development in survivors with nonimmune hydrops fetalis. [Link]; page 117

128 Cochrane Update: antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Author: Neilson JP. Journal: Obstet Gynecol; 2007 Jan ; 109(1):189-90. PubMed ID: 17233108. Abstract: [Link]; page 118

129 Early postnatal (<96 hours) corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Author: Halliday HL, Ehrenkranz RA, Doyle LW. Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2003 ; (1):CD001146. PubMed ID: 12535402 [Link]; page 118

130 Lancet. 2000 Apr 22;355(9213):1387-92. Ainsworth SB. Pumactant and poractant alfa for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates born at 25-29 weeks' gestation: a randomised trial. [Link]; page 118

131 Repeat surfactant therapy for postsurfactant slump. Author: Katz LA, Klein JM. Journal: J Perinatol; 2006 Jul ; 26(7):414-22. PubMed ID: 16724122. [Link]; page 118

132 Oxygen administration in infants--B Frey, F Shann. Archives of Disease in Childhood. London: Mar 2003.Vol.88, Iss. 2; pg. F84, 5 pgs [Link]; page 118

133 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000104. Henderson-Smart DJ. Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants. [Link]; page 118

134 Biol Neonate. 2000 May;77 Suppl 1:14-6. Moriette G. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in the management of respiratory distress syndrome. [Link]; page 118

135 Inositol for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Author: Howlett A, Ohlsson A. Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2003 ; (4):CD000366. PubMed ID: 14583919 [Link]; page 118

136 Pulmonary dead-space fraction as a risk factor for death in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Author: Nuckton TJ, Alonso JA, Kallet RH, Daniel BM, Pittet JF, Eisner MD, Matthay MA. Journal: N Engl J Med; 2002 Apr 25 ; 346(17):1281-6. PubMed ID: 11973365 [Link]; page 118

137 A few parents want heroic interventions irrespective of the chance of success. If this is not in the baby’s best interests you may need to apply to the Courts to settle the issue. See Roy Col Paed & Child Health 1997 Withholding or Withdrawing Life-saving">[Link]; page 118

138 BMJ. 1989 Jun 17;298(6688):1623-6. Woolley H. Imparting the diagnosis of life threatening illness in children. [Link]; page 119

139 NHS breaches right to respect for private life and moral integrity--European Court of Human rights. Jusge Pellonpsaa; reported in The Times for March 11, 2004 (page 39) [Link]; page 119

140 E Eichenwald 2008 NEJM 358 1700. Management and outcomes of very low birthweight. [Link]; page 119

141 Biol Neonate. 2001 May;80 Suppl 1:7-13. Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and surfactant. [Link]; page 119

142 Nutr Rev. 2001 Jan;59(1 Pt 1):10-7. Welty SE. Rationale for antioxidant therapy in premature infants to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. [Link]; page 119

143 Biol Neonate. 2001 May;80 Suppl 1:7-13. Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and surfactant. [Link]; page 119

144 Cognitive development at 5.5 years of children with chronic lung disease of prematurity--B Bohm, M Katz-Salamon. Archives of Disease in Childhood. London: Mar 2003.Vol.88, Iss. 2; pg. F101, 5 pgs [Link]; page 119

145 Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2000;4(2 Suppl 3):43-57. Rutkowska M. [Changes in the clinical picture of bronchopulmonary dysplasia] [Link]; page 119

146 Curr Opin Pediatr. 2000 Jun;12(3):227-32. Gnanaratnem J. Neonatal acute respiratory failure. [Link]; page 119

147 Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jun;182(6):1638-44. Winn HN. Neonatal pulmonary hypoplasia and perinatal mortality in patients with midtrimester rupture of amniotic membranes--a critical analysis. [Link]; page 119

148 Excessive weight gain as a possible predictor of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. Author: Morag I, Goldman M, Kuint J, Heyman E. Journal: Isr Med Assoc J; 2007 Jan ; 9(1):24-7. PubMed ID: 17274351. [Link]; page 120

149 Trophic feedings for parenterally fed infants. Author: Tyson JE, Kennedy KA. Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2005 ; (3):CD000504. PubMed ID: 16034854. [Link]; page 120

150 Oral probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates. Author: Bin-Nun A, Bromiker R, Wilschanski M, Kaplan M, Rudensky B, Caplan M, Hammerman C. Journal: J Pediatr; 2005 Aug ; 147(2):192-6. PubMed ID: 16126048. [Link]; page 120

151 J Antimicrob Chemother. 1987 Sep;20(3):421-9. Scheifele DW. Comparison of two antibiotic regimens for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. [Link]; page 120

152 J Pediatr Surg. 2001 May;36(5):799-803. Ververidis M. The clinical significance of thrombocytopenia in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. [Link]; page 120

153 E Eichenwald 2008. NEJM 358 1700. Management and Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight. [Link]; page 120

154 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000405. Bury RG. Enteral antibiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in low birthweight or preterm infants. [Link]; page 120

155 Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2001 Mar;90(436):28-30. Wiswell TE. Advances in the treatment of the meconium aspiration syndrome. [Link]; page 120

156 Oral mixed micellar vitamin K for prevention of late vitamin K deficiency bleeding--R von Kries, A Hackmeister, U Gobel. Archives of Disease in Childhood. London: Mar 2003.Vol.88, Iss. 2; pg. F109, 4 pgs [Link]; page 120

157 BMJ. 2001 May 12;322(7295):1148-52. Ansell P. Vitamin K policies and midwifery practice: questionnaire survey. [Link]; page 120

158 Semin Thromb Hemost. 1998;24(5):467-71. Shirahata A. Diagnosis of DIC in very low birth weight infants. [Link]; page 120

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