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401 Cognitive behaviour therapy for schizophrenia. Jones C, Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000524; no link available; page 380
402 Randomized controlled trial comparing brief dynamic and supportive therapy with waiting list condition in minor depressive disorders. Author: Maina G, Forner F, Bogetto F. Journal: Psychother Psychosom; 2005 ; 74(1):43-50. PubMed ID: 15627856.
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403 BMJ. 2000 Dec 2;321(7273):1389-92. Bower P. Randomised controlled trial of non-directive counselling, cognitive-behaviour therapy, and usual general practitioner care for patients with depression. II: cost effectiveness. Medline abstract, N=197
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404 BMJ. 2000 Dec 2;321(7273):1383-8. Ward E. Randomised controlled trial of non-directive counselling, cognitive-behaviour therapy, and usual general practitioner care for patients with depression. I: clinical effectiveness.
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405 Lancet. 1997 Dec 6;350(9092):1643. Tylee A. Counselling in primary care.
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406 Therapeutic communities for substance related disorder. Author: Smith LA, Gates S, Foxcroft D. Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2006 ; (1):CD005338. PubMed ID: 16437526.
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407 Interventions for drug-using offenders in the courts, secure establishments and the community. Author: Perry A, Coulton S, Glanville J, Godfrey C, Lunn J, McDougall C, Neale Z. Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2006 ; 3():CD005193. PubMed ID: 16856083.
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408 The third generation of therapeutic communities: the early development of the TC for addictions in Europe. Author: Broekaert E, Vandevelde S, Soyez V, Yates R, Slater A. Journal: Eur Addict Res; 2006 ; 12(1):1-11. PubMed ID: 16352897.
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409 Ego Mechanisms of Defense. A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers. George.E.Vaillant. ISBN 0-88048-404-7.
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410 Acting out--defined.
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411 Acting out--definitions.
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412 The Physician-Patient Relationship Three Psychodynamic Concepts That Can Be Applied to Primary Care. Paul E. Goldberg.
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413 Psychiatric Quarterly. XLVIII, 1974: Sexual Acting Out as an Abortive Mourning Process in Female Adolescent Inpatients. Jeffrey Binder and Alan Krohn. Pp. 193-208
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414 [Differentiation and specificity of the psychodynamics of functional sexual disorders in males] Author: Janssen PL. Journal: Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal; 1986 ; 32(1):27-43. PubMed ID: 3953162.
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415 [Psychosomatic aspects of treated testicular neoplasm patients] Author: Janssen PL, Weissbach L. Journal: Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal; 1978 Jan-Mar ; 24(1):70-86. PubMed ID: 565114.
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416 Reassociation of dreams. II. An LSD study of sexual conflicts in eczema and asthma. Author: Abramson HA. Journal: J Asthma Res; 1976 Jul ; 13(4):193-233. PubMed ID: 1010810.
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417 Int J Impot Res. 1998 May;10 Suppl 1:S14-21. Levin RJ. Sex and the human female reproductive tract--what really happens during and after coitus.
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418 Am J Cardiol. 2000 Jul 20;86(2A):27F-29F. Stein RA. Cardiovascular response to sexual activity.
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419 Cancer Pract. 2000 Jan-Feb;8(1):10-5. Gallo-Silver L. The sexual rehabilitation of persons with cancer.
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420 J Sex Marital Ther. 1975 Summer;1(4):290-304. Witkin MH. Sex therapy and mastectomy.
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421 Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2001;12(5):328-31. van der Velde J. Vaginismus, a component of a general defensive reaction. an investigation of pelvic floor muscle activity during exposure to emotion-inducing film excerpts in women with and without vaginismus.
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422 Diagnosis and treatment of premature ejaculation: the physician's perspective. Author: Sharlip I. Journal: J Sex Med; 2005 May ; 2 Suppl 2():103-9. PubMed ID: 16422796.
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423 Management and outcome of primary vaginismus.
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424 J Urol. 1998 Jun;159(6):1935-8. McMahon CG. Treatment of premature ejaculation with sertraline hydrochloride: a single-blind placebo controlled crossover study. Medline abstract, N=37
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425 Coming out of the sex therapy closet: using experiential psychotherapy with sexual problems and concerns. Author: Kleinplatz PJ. Journal: Am J Psychother; 2007 ; 61(3):333-48. PubMed ID: 17985534.
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426 Defining the brain systems of lust, romantic attraction, and attachment. Author: Fisher HE, Aron A, Mashek D, Li H, Brown LL. Journal: Arch Sex Behav; 2002 Oct ; 31(5):413-9. PubMed ID: 12238608.
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427 Arch Sex Behav. 1980 Dec;9(6):565-81. Crepault C. Men's erotic fantasies.
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428 Psychosocial interventions for erectile dysfunction. Author: Melnik T, Soares BG, Nasselo AG. Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2007 ; (3):CD004825. PubMed ID: 17636774
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429 [Salutogenesis and sexual medicine] Author: Berberich HJ, Rösing D, Neutze J. Journal: Urologe A; 2006 Aug ; 45(8):960-6. PubMed ID: 16819602.
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430 Dean Ornish 1998. Love & Survival New York. Harper Collins, pages 2-3. Quoted in Sex and Addicion 2006 by Marnia Robinson
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431 Psychoanal Rev. 1997 Dec;84(6):843-63. Lax RF. Some roots of persistent homosexual fantasy and the quest for father's love: conflicted parental identifications in a male patient: fragment of an analysis. Medline abstract, n=1
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432 We thank Justin Williams and Bill Ness for the first draft of this page; no link available; page 387
433 Treatment choice in psychological therapies and counselling: Evidence based clinical practice guideline. Department of Health 2001. Crown Copyright.
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434 The empirical status of empirically supported psychotherapies: assumptions, findings, and reporting in controlled clinical trials. Author: Westen D, Novotny CM, Thompson-Brenner H. Journal: Psychol Bull; 2004 Jul ; 130(4):631-63. PubMed ID: 15250817
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435 Jousting with straw men: comment on Westen, Novotny, and Thompson-Brenner (2004). Author: Weisz JR, Weersing VR, Henggeler SW. Journal: Psychol Bull; 2005 May ; 131(3):418-26, discussion 427-33. PubMed ID: 15869338.
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436 MasterMind: Empower Yourself With Mental Health. A Program for Adolescents. Author: Tacker KA, Dobie S. Journal: J Sch Health; 2008 Jan ; 78(1):54-7. PubMed ID: 18177301.
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437 Q Spender et al. Child Mental Health in Primary Care, Radcliffe Medical 2001 ISBN 1-85775-262-7 See also S Kingsbury; Parasuicide in adolescence: a message in a bottle ACPP Rev Newsletter 15: 253–9; no link available; page 390
438 Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Author: Bridge JA, Iyengar S, Salary CB, Barbe RP, Birmaher B, Pincus HA, Ren L, Brent DA. Journal: JAMA; 2007 Apr 18 ; 297(15):1683-96. PubMed ID: 17440145
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439 Childhood and adolescent depression. Author: Bhatia SK, Bhatia SC. Journal: Am Fam Physician; 2007 Jan 1 ; 75(1):73-80. PubMed ID: 17225707.
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440 Hum Dev. 1977;20(5):277-92. Weeks GR. Toward a dialectical approach to intervention.
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441 Clin Psychol Rev. 2002 Mar;22(2):247-69. Michael KD. How effective are treatments for child and adolescent depression? A meta-analytic review.
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442 J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;40(7 Suppl):4S-23S. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with schizophrenia. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
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443 Psychiatry. 2001 Spring;64(1):81-90. Greenberg D. Nocturnal hallucinations in ultra-orthodox Jewish Israeli men.
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444 Br J Psychiatry. 1996 Oct;169(4):501-8. Phillips MR. Erotomanic symptoms in 42 Chinese schizophrenic patients.
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445 Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998 Dec;52(6):605-10. Suzuki H. Delusions and hallucinations in patients with borderline personality disorder.
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446 Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000 Apr;54(2):203-6. Gomibuchi T. Obsession of hearing music: from the viewpoint of Morita theory.
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447 J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000 Mar;39(3):337-45. Ulloa RE. Psychosis in a pediatric mood and anxiety disorders clinic: phenomenology and correlates.
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448 Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2001 May;69(5):203-10 (German). Erkwoh R. [Imperative auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia]
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449 Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001 Feb;103(2):148-52. Jenner JA. HIT, hallucination focused integrative treatment as early intervention in psychotic adolescents with auditory hallucinations: a pilot study.
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450 Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001 Feb;103(2):148-52. Jenner JA. HIT, hallucination focused integrative treatment as early intervention in psychotic adolescents with auditory hallucinations: a pilot study.
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451 J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2001 Fall;11(3):289-93. Hayden F. Long-term remission of schizophrenia in an adolescent treated with quetiapine.
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452 J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62 Suppl 23:30-8. Lindenmayer JP. Hyperglycemia associated with the use of atypical antipsychotics.
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453 461 J Psychiatr Res. 2001 May-Jun;35(3):187-91. Glick ID. Treatment with atypical antipsychotics: new indications and new populations.
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454 Psychiatric disorders and urbanization in Germany. Author: Dekker J, Peen J, Koelen J, Smit F, Schoevers R. Journal: BMC Public Health; 2008 ; 8():17. PubMed ID: 18201380.
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455 Social and cognitive functioning, urbanicity and risk for schizophrenia. Author: Weiser M, van Os J, Reichenberg A, Rabinowitz J, Nahon D, Kravitz E, Lubin G, Shmushkevitz M, Knobler HY, Noy S, Davidson M. Journal: Br J Psychiatry; 2007 Oct ; 191():320-4. PubMed ID: 17906242.
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456 Urban-rural differences in the associations between social deprivation and psychiatric service utilization in schizophrenia and all diagnoses: a case-register study in Northern Italy. Author: Thornicroft G, Bisoffi G, De Salvia D, Tansella M. Journal: Psychol Med; 1993 May ; 23(2):487-96. PubMed ID: 8332662.
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457 The housing and neighborhood conditions of persons with severe mental illness. Author: Newman SJ. Journal: Hosp Community Psychiatry; 1994 Apr ; 45(4):338-43. PubMed ID: 8020918.
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458 Poverty, inequality and the treated incidence of first-episode psychosis: an ecological study from South Africa. Author: Burns JK, Esterhuizen T. Journal: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol; 2008 Apr ; 43(4):331-5. PubMed ID: 18253683.
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459 Clapham Park Project Generation Radio, 2006-2008
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460 Clapham Park cycle project
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461 Structural violence and schizophrenia. Author: Kelly BD. Journal: Soc Sci Med; 2005 Aug ; 61(3):721-30. PubMed ID: 15899329.
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462 Compr Psychiatry. 2001 Jul-Aug;42(4):319-25. Nicolson R. Children and adolescents with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified: a 2- to 8-year follow-up study.
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463 Brain. 1998 Feb;121 ( Pt 2):205-23. Oldani A. Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. A video-polysomnographic and genetic appraisal of 40 patients and delineation of the epileptic syndrome.
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464 Nervenarzt. 1994 Aug;65(8):568-71 (German). Bahro M. [REM sleep parasomnia]
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465 Parent implemented early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Author: McConachie H, Diggle T. Journal: J Eval Clin Pract; 2007 Feb ; 13(1):120-9. PubMed ID: 17286734.
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466 J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998 Mar;37(3):278-85. Mahoney WJ. Reliability and accuracy of differentiating pervasive developmental disorder subtypes.
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467 18 February 2007; | doi:10.1038/ng1985. Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements. The Autism Genome Project Consortium
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468 J James 2005 Science Notebook. May 02, 2005
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469 J Tanne 2005 BMJ 330 112
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470 Diagnostic Criteria for 299.00 Autistic Disorder
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471 J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000 Jun;39(6):694-702. Baird G. A screening instrument for autism at 18 months of age: a 6-year follow-up study.
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472 Randomized comparison of two communication interventions for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. Author: Yoder P, Stone WL. Journal: J Consult Clin Psychol; 2006 Jun ; 74(3):426-35. PubMed ID: 16822100.
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473 Research Reveals Early Intervention Provides Key to Increased IQ in Children with Autism
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474 Parent implemented early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Author: McConachie H, Diggle T. Journal: J Eval Clin Pract; 2007 Feb ; 13(1):120-9. PubMed ID: 17286734.
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475 Brief Report: Relative Effectiveness of Different Home-based Behavioral Approaches to Early Teaching Intervention. Journal: J Autism Dev Disord; 2006 Dec 19 ; ():. PubMed ID: 17180714.
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476 Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Aug 22--Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation in Children with Autism: A Double-blind Randomized, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study.Amminger GP,
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478 Risperidone for autism spectrum disorder. Author: Jesner O, Aref-Adib M, Coren E. Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2007 ; (1):CD005040. PubMed ID: 17253538.
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479 Elimination diets in autism spectrum disorders: any wheat amidst the chaff? Author: Christison GW, Ivany K. Journal: J Dev Behav Pediatr; 2006 Apr ; 27(2 Suppl):S162-71. PubMed ID: 16685183.
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480 BMJ 2002;324:878-879 Workplace bullying in junior doctors: questionnaire survey. Lyn Quine
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481 Bullying in Schools: Prevalence and Short-term Impact. Journal: Indian Pediatr; 2007 Jan 7 ; 44(1):25-28. PubMed ID: 17277427.
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482 Addiction. 2001 Feb;96(2):227-40. Rossow I. Shattered childhood: a key issue in suicidal behavior among drug addicts?
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483 Bullying in Schools: Prevalence and Short-term Impact. Journal: Indian Pediatr; 2007 Jan 7 ; 44(1):25-28. PubMed ID: 17277427.
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484 Child Maltreat. 2000 Nov;5(4):299-310. Connolly J. Dating experiences of bullies in early adolescence.
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485 Bullying involvement in primary school and common health problems. Author: Wolke D, Woods S, Bloomfield L, Karstadt L. Journal: Arch Dis Child; 2001 Sep ; 85(3):197-201. PubMed ID: 11517098
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486 BMJ. 2000 Mar 4;320(7235):612-3. Voss LD. Bullying in school: are short pupils at risk? Questionnaire study in a cohort.
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487 J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000 May;41(4):405-406. Skuse D. Editorial.
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488 systematic review of school-based interventions to prevent bullying. Author: Vreeman RC, Carroll AE. Journal: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med; 2007 Jan ; 161(1):78-88. PubMed ID: 17199071.
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489 BMJ. 1995 Feb 4;310(6975):274-5. Dawkins J. Bullying in schools: doctors' responsibilities.
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490 BMJ. 1995 Jun 10;310(6993):1536. Dawkins J. Bullying in schools.
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491 BMJ 2001;323:1314 Personal views. Bullying in medicine
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492 Br J Educ Psychol. 2000 Jun;70 ( Pt 2):195-210. Stevens V. Bullying in Flemish schools: an evaluation of anti-bullying intervention in primary and secondary schools.
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493 J Adolesc. 2001 Feb;24(1):129-40. Warwick I. Playing it safe: addressing the emotional and physical health of lesbian and gay pupils in the U.K.
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494 Br J Soc Psychol. 2000 Dec;39 Pt 4:605-28. Hepburn A. Power lines: Derrida, discursive psychology and the management of accusations of teacher bullying.
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495 Article on Prof Roderick Kramer by Carol Lewis: In business, nice gyus tend to come second. The Times 2005 Career p 8 col 2; no link available; page 395
496 J Am Optom Assoc. 1999 Oct;70(10):629-40. Harris D. Application of ChromaGen haploscopic lenses to patients with dyslexia: a double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Medline abstract, N=47
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497 Science. 1994 Oct 14;266(5183):276-9. Cardon LR. Quantitative trait locus for reading disability on chromosome 6.
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498 Genes, cognition and dyslexia: learning to read the genome. Author: Fisher SE, Francks C. Journal: Trends Cogn Sci; 2006 Jun ; 10(6):250-7. PubMed ID: 16675285.
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499 Ann Neurol. 1999 Aug;46(2):189-96. Jenner AR. Neuronal asymmetries in primary visual cortex of dyslexic and nondyslexic brains.
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500 Brain. 2000 Dec;123 Pt 12:2373-99. Habib M. The neurological basis of developmental dyslexia: an overview and working hypothesis.
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501 The GAPS test for dyslexia
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502 The GAPS test
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503 Gesundheitswesen. 1994 Oct;56(10):534-6 (German). Michaelis R. [Early indications for partial learning disorders--anamnestic and diagnostic strategies]
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504 A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of supplementation with highly unsaturated fatty acids on ADHD-related symptoms in children with specific learning difficulties. Author: Richardso AJ, Puri BK. Journal: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry; 2002 Feb ; 26(2):233-9. PubMed ID: 11817499
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505 Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):323S-6S. Stordy BJ. Dark adaptation, motor skills, docosahexaenoic acid, and dyslexia. Medline abstract, n=10
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506 The Mental Health Act 2007: the final report
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507 Reforming - The Mental Health Act - Part I - The new legal framework
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508 Consent: patients and doctors making decisions together. GMC 2008.
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509 Consent: patients and doctors making decisions together. GMC 2008.
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510 Multimedia educational aids for improving consumer knowledge about illness management and treatment decisions: A review of randomized controlled trials. Author: Jeste DV, Dunn LB, Folsom DP, Zisook D. Journal: J Psychiatr Res; 2008 Jan ; 42(1):1-21. PubMed ID: 17275026.
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511 GMC advice
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512 The interaction between the internal clock and antidepressant efficacy. Author: Racagni G, Riva MA, Popoli M. Journal: Int Clin Psychopharmacol; 2007 Oct ; 22 Suppl 2():S9-S14. PubMed ID: 17917564.
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512 The Mental Health Act and Common Law. Feldman E: Liaison Psychiatry: Planning services for specialist settings. Eds. Peveler R, Feldman E, Friedman T. Gaskell: 2000
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513 The interaction between the internal clock and antidepressant efficacy.
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514 Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Jan;58(1):69-75. Terman JS. Circadian time of morning light administration and therapeutic response in winter depression.
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515 Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999 May;99(5):315-23. Lee TM. Dose-response relationship of phototherapy for seasonal affective disorder: a meta-analysis. Medline abstract, 39 trials
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516 J Biol Rhythms. 1999 Apr;14(2):116-21. Visser EK. Melatonin suppression by light in humans is maximal when the nasal part of the retina is illuminated.
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517 Eagles JM. Light therapy and the management of winter depression. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2004. 10:233-240
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518 J Eval Clin Pract. 1999 Nov;5(4):367-85. Browne G. Economic evaluations of community-based care: lessons from twelve studies in Ontario. Medline abstract, Meta-analysis
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519 Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998 May;55(5):459-66. Rosenheck RA. Cost-effectiveness of intensive psychiatric community care for high users of inpatient services.
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520 Maden A et al. Offending in psychiatric patients after discharge from medium secure units: prospective national cohort study. BMJ. 2004 June 26; 328(7455): 1534.
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521 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000050. Marshall M. Case management for people with severe mental disorders.
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522 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001089. Marshall M. Assertive community treatment for people with severe mental disorders.
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523 Petersen, L. BMJ 2005 331 602
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524 Lancet. 2000 Mar 11;355(9207):882-6. Halliday G. Community study of people who live in squalor.
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525 BMJ. 1994 Jan 1;308(6920):27-30. Fisher N. Estimating numbers of homeless and homeless mentally ill people in north east Westminster by using capture-recapture analysis.
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526 Household income growth and distribution, 1998. Singapore Dept of Statistics
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527 BMJ. 1994 Dec 3;309(6967):1470-4. Sloggett A. Higher mortality in deprived areas: community or personal disadvantage?
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528 Dob Quixote, by Miguel Cervantes
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529 First Part of the Ingenious Nobleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel De Cerevantes (tr. Edith Grossman)
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530 Don Quijote de la Mancha
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531 Who wrote Don Quixote?
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532 Shelton's text is the raciest and most original translation
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533 Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1998 Feb;12(1):12-20. Beck CT. The effects of postpartum depression on child development: a meta-analysis.
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534 J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1994 Jan;35(1):73-112. Cummings EM. Maternal depression and child development.
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535 Blogs of postnatal depression. Link no longer available; page 408
536 Fathers and postnatal depression; by Beth McHug
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538 Psychological factors associated with persistent postnatal depression: past and current relationships, defence styles and the mediating role of insecure attachment style. Author: McMahon C, Barnett B, Kowalenko N, Tennant C. Journal: J Affect Disord; 2005 Jan ; 84(1):15-24. PubMed ID: 15620381.
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539 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(2):CD002018. Hoffbrand S. Antidepressant drug treatment for postnatal depression.
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540 Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001690. Lawrie TA. Oestrogens and progestogens for preventing and treating postnatal depression.
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541 Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;150:782-6. Cox JL. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Medline abstract, n=84
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542 Postnatal depression and child outcome at 11 years: The importance of accurate diagnosis.
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543 Postnatal depression and child outcome at 11 years: The importance of accurate diagnosis.
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Web-based references relating to the disc signs in footnotes, organised by page number
Psychiatry without context: turning sadness in disease. Horwitz AV. OUP 2007 ISBN 0-19-531304-8; no link available; page 312
Richard Layard 2005 Happiness: Lessons from a new science. Penguin
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Estrogen administration does not reduce the rate of recurrence of affective psychosis after childbirth. Author: Kumar C, McIvor RJ, Davies T, Brown N, Papadopoulos A, Wieck A, Checkley SA, Campbell IC, Marks MN. Journal: J Clin Psychiatry; 2003 Feb ; 64(2):112-8. PubMed ID: 12633118.
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