Preface
About the Editors
INTRODUCTION
What Is Philosophy?
,
Simon Blackburn
The Elements of Logic
,
Simon Blackburn
1. PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
Introduction
,
Steven M. Cahn
Euthyphro
,
Plato
The Ontological Argument
,
Saint Anselm
In Behalf of the Fool
,
Gaunilo
Critique of the Ontological Argument
,
Immanuel Kant
Is Existence a Predicate?
,
G. E. Moore
Why the Ontological Argument Fails
,
William L. Rowe
Five Ways to Prove the Existence of God
,
Saint Thomas Aquinas
The Cosmological Argument
,
Michael Martin
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
,
David Hume
Why God Allows Evil
,
Richard Swinburne
The Moriarty Hypothesis
,
Steven M. Cahn
The Will to Believe
,
William James
William James and the Will to Believe
,
Michael Martin
The Hiddenness of God
,
Robert McKim
2. EPISTEMOLOGY
Introduction
,
David Sosa
Meditations on First Philosophy
,
René Descartes
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
,
John Locke
Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous
,
George Berkeley
Proof of an External World
,
G. E. Moore
On Certainty
,
Ludwig Wittgenstein
The Problem of the Criterion
,
Roderick M. Chisholm
Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?
,
Edmund Gettier
Discrimination and Perceptual Knowledge
,
Alvin I. Goldman
Knowledge and Scepticism
,
Robert Nozick
The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence Versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge
,
Ernest Sosa
Elusive Knowledge
,
David Lewis
Epistemology Naturalized
,
W. V. O. Quine
What Is "Naturalized Epistemology"?
,
Jaegwon Kim
3. PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Introduction
,
L. A. Paul
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
,
David Hume
The Traditional Problem of Induction
,
Brian Skyrms
The Inference to the Best Explanation
,
Gilbert Harman
The Experimental Method
,
Rudolf Carnap
Aspects of Scientific Explanation
,
Carl G. Hempel
The Truth Doesn't Explain Much
,
Nancy Cartwright
The New Riddle of Induction
,
Nelson Goodman
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
,
Thomas S. Kuhn
Realism and the Theory-Dependence of Experimental Design
,
Richard N. Boyd
4. METAPHYSICS
Introduction
,
Delia Graff
On the Relations of Universals and Particulars
,
Bertrand Russell
Properties
,
D. M. Armstrong
The Doctrine of Arbitrary Undetached Parts
,
Peter van Inwagen
Many, but Almost One
,
David Lewis
Of Identity and Diversity
,
John Locke
Personal Identity and Memory
,
Sydney Shoemaker
Personal Identity
,
Derek Parfit
Of Motion
,
Aristotle
Achilles and the Tortoise
,
Max Black
Of the Idea of Necessary Connection
,
David Hume
Causation
,
David Lewis
The Sea-Battle Tomorrow
,
Aristotle
The Problem of Future Contingencies
,
Richard Taylor
Freedom and Necessity
,
A. J. Ayer
Human Freedom and the Self
,
Roderick M. Chisholm
Alternative Possibilities and Moral Responsibility
,
Harry G. Frankfurt
The Incompatibility of Free Will and Determinism
,
Peter van Inwagen
5. PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
Introduction
,
Jesse J. Prinz
Meditations on First Philosophy
,
René Descartes
The Causes of Behavior
,
B. F. Skinner
Sensations and Brain Processes
,
J. J. C. Smart
The Mind-Body Problem
,
Jerry A. Fodor
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
,
Alan Turing
Can Computers Think?
,
John Searle
The "Causal Power"of Machines
,
Zenon Pylyshyn
Functionalism, Qualia, and the Inverted Spectrum
,
Terrance Horgan
Epiphenomenal Qualia
,
Frank Jackson
Jackson's Knowledge Argument
,
Paul M. Churchland
Consciousness Explained
,
Daniel C. Dennett
6. PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
Introduction
,
Robin Jeshion
On Sense and Meaning
,
Gottlob Frege
On Denoting
,
Bertrand Russell
Naming and Necessity
,
Saul A. Kripke
Thoughts
,
Gottlob Frege
The Problem of the Essential Indexical
,
John Perry
Performative Utterances
,
J. L. Austin
Logic and Conversation
,
Paul Grice
7. ETHICS
Introduction
,
Stuart Rachels
The Subjectivity of Values
,
J. L. Mackie
A Critique of Mackie
,
Ronald Dworkin
A Proof of the Objectivity of Morals
,
Renford Bambrough
Utilitarianism
,
John Stuart Mill
The Experience Machine
,
Robert Nozick
Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals
,
Immanuel Kant
A Simplified Account of Kant's Ethics
,
Onora O'Neill
The Right and the Good
,
W. D. Ross
The Challenge of Cultural Relativism
,
James Rachels
Egoism and Moral Scepticism
,
James Rachels
Nicomachean Ethics
,
Aristotle
After Virtue
,
Alasdair MacIntyre
Living Ethically
,
Peter Singer
The Conscience of Huckleberry Finn
,
Jonathan Bennett
Moral Luck
,
Thomas Nagel
The Punishment That Leaves Something to Chance
,
David Lewis
Rich and Poor
,
Peter Singer
Equality, Entitlements, and the Distribution of Income
,
John Arthur
Kantian Deliberations on Famine Problems
,
Onora O'Neill
Why We Have No Obligations to Animals
,
Immanuel Kant
Constraints and Animals
,
Robert Nozick
The Moral Argument for Vegetarianism
,
James Rachels
Do Animals Have Rights?
,
Tibor R. Machan
8. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
Introduction
,
Cynthia A. Stark
Leviathan
,
Thomas Hobbes
Second Treatise of Government
,
John Locke
A Theory of Justice
,
John Rawls
Anarchy, State, and Utopia
,
Robert Nozick
Illusions About Private Property and Freedom
,
G. A. Cohen
The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self
,
Michael Sandel
Markets in Women's Sexual Labor
,
Debra Satz
9. PHILOSOPHY OF ART
Introduction
,
Gabriela Sakamoto
The Role of Theory in Aesthetics
,
Morris Weitz
Defining Art
,
George Dickie
The End of Art
,
Arthur C. Danto
Glaring Omissions in Traditional Theories of Art
,
Peg Zeglin Brand
Of the Standard of Taste
,
David Hume
Critique of Judgment
,
Immanuel Kant
Categories of Art
,
Kendall L. Walton
The Very Idea of Art
,
Ted Cohen
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