BASIC CONCEPTS
1.
Elements of medical cytogenetics
2.
The origins and consequences of chromosome pathology
3.
Deriving and using a risk figure
PARENT WITH A CHROMOSOMAL ABNOMALITY
4.
Autosomal reciprocal translocations
5.
Sex chromosome translocations
6.
Robertsonian translocations
7.
Centromere fissions and complementary isochromosomes
8.
Inversions
9.
Insertions
10.
Autosomal rings
11.
Complex rearrangements
12.
Parental sex chromosome aneuploidy
13.
Parental autosomal aneuploidy
14.
The fragile X syndromes
15.
Variant chromosomes and abnormalities of no phenotypic consequence
NORMAL PARENTS WITH A CHROMOSOMALLY ABNORMAL CHILD
16.
Down syndrome and other full aneuploidy, and polyploidy
17.
Structural rearrangements
18.
The XY female, the XX male, and the true hemaphrodite
19.
Chromosome instability syndromes
DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT GENOMIC IMPRINTING
20.
Uniparental disomy and disorders of imprinting
REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE
21.
Gametogenesis and conception, pregnancy loss and fertility
22.
Parental age counseling and screening for fetal trisomy
23.
Prenatal diagnostic procedures
24.
Preimplantation diagnosis
25.
Chromosome abnormalities detected at prenatal diagnosis
NOXIOUS AGENTS
26.
Gametic chromosomal damage due to exposure to extrinsic agents
APPENDIXES
A. Cytogenetic abbreviations and nomenclature
B. Ideograms of human chromosomes and haploid autosomal lengths
C. Determining 95 percent confidence limits, and the standard error
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