Introduction
Part I.
1. The Emergence of Diplomacy and the Great Powers
The Early Techniques, Instruments, and Ideas of Diplomacy
States and Raison d'état
in the Seventeenth Century
War and Ceompetition in the Eighteenth Century
2. The Classical System of Diplomacy, 1815-1914
Building a System with a Balance of Power and a Concert
Change and an Experiment with a Defensive Alliance System
Further Change and an Experiment with Bipolar Alignment
Characteristics of the System
3. The Diplomatic Revolution Begins, 1919-1939
Attempts at Peacemaking and System Building
Public Opinion and Foreign Policy
Economics and Foreign Policy
Totalitarian and Democratic Diplomacy and the Contrast of Norms
4. A Postwar System of Security: Great Power Directorate or United Nations?
Plans for a Postwar System of Security
Force and Statecraft as Envisioned by the United Nations Charter
Changing World Conditions and Readjustments
5. The Cold War
The Origins and Escalation of the Cold War
Seeking Restraints Through Deterrence, Diplomacy, and Détente
Persistent Problems and the Final Demise of the Cold War
6. The Evolving International System
"A World in a Rapid State of Transition"
Challenges to Nation-States and National Sovereighnty
Terrorists and the "War Against Terrorism"
Partners or Rivals?
Part II.
7. Lessons of History and Knowledge for Statecraft
Classical Writers on the Importance of Historical Lessons
The Historical Habit of Mind
The Challenges of Learning and Applying Lessons of History
Structured, Focused Comparisons
8. Negotiation
Principles of Negotiation
The Congress of Vienna, 1814-1815
The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1972-1975
Negotiations Over Nuclear Weapons in North Korea, N993-2005
Analysis
9. Deterrence
Principles of Deterrence
Collective Security for the Post-1815 Settlement
British and French Attempts to Deter Hitler's Attack on Poland, 1939
Contemporary American Deterrence Over Taiwan
Analysis
10. Coercive Diplomacy
Principles of Coercive Diplomacy
American "Gunboat Diplomacy," 1852-1941
U.S. Policy Toward Japan, 1938-1941
The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
Analysis
11. Crisis Management
Principles of Crisis Management
Bismarck as an "Honest Broker" in the Crisis of 1878
The "Guns of August," 1914
Managing the 1973 Arab-Israeli War
Analysis
Part III.
12. Ethics and Other Restraints on Force and Statecraft
Practical, Structural, and Political Restraints
Ethics and International Politics
Ethical Restraints for Foreign Policy
Ethical Restraints for Armed Force
Epilogue: Some Reflections on History, Theory, the Diplomatic Revolution, and Challenges Ahead
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